ABSTRACT
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been known for its potent medicinal activities and its interesting culinary role since ancient times. With over 200 phytochemicals and flavoring compounds elucidated and many others yet to, garlic promises to improve human health and vitality. Just like other phytochemical classes, essential oils for garlic have been reported to show interesting medical activities delving across diverse antimicrobial, cardio-protective, anti-cancer, anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and immunomodulatory activities. Garlic essential oils contain mainly volatile and non-volatile allyl-sulphur-based compounds, which are a product of the stream decomposition of Allicin (a major component of garlic extract). Although a lot of work has been done on Allicin, there is little substantive work on the bio-availability and toxicities of its essential oil. This study, however, reviewed the methods that in recent times have been used to extract essential oils from garlic, recent studies on composition and therapeutic activities of Garlic essential oils, and a predictive overview of their bioavailability and toxicity. Finally, recommendations for future studies and other interesting prospects of garlic were also highlighted.Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Ginger rhizome, a common spice that has been traditionally used in various health aspects. The rhizome contains volatile oil and nonvolatile oil compounds, including oleoresin. Chemical constituents of ginger are numerous and vary depending on the geographic origin, harvest process, and storage conditions. [6]-Gingerol, a major bioactive constituent of ginger, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiemetic effects. Therefore, it is a valuable food molecule with benefits for human health. This review summarized current findings on [6]-gingerol with regards to its beneficial effects on human health, encompassing the biological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity assessment. In addition, relevant evidence in support of the application of [6]-gingerol towards the promotion health and vitality, as well as methods for extraction, identification and quantitative determination of [6]-gingerol are also provided.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)
ABSTRACT
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is an essential drug of the Ayurvedic medicine system used in different Ayurvedic formulations to treat a variety of ailments. Guduchi is a member of the Menispermaceae family and is widely produced in tropical and sub-tropical countries such as India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, and several south-east Asian continents such as Indonesia, Malaysia. All parts of Guduchi have nutritional value and medicinal importance, including the roots, stem, bark, and leaves. A different class of phytochemicals like alkaloids, glycosides, aliphatic compounds, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolic compounds, steroid and polysaccharides, etc., are found in Guduchi. Tinosporaside, tinosporine, magnosporine, berberine, choline, Jatrorrhizine, palmatine, beberine, giloin, giloinsterol, and other beneficial biomarkers are present in this herb. Guduchi is used to treat cold, fever, headache, jaundice, digestive disorder, among other things, and it shows several proven pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory activity, anti-toxic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, cardioprotective activity, radioprotective, antimicrobial, anti-stress, anti-HIV and many more. This review article majorly highlights the phytochemical present in Guduchi, analytical works and pharmacological activities of Guduchi. Copyright © 2022 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.
ABSTRACT
Incidences and mortality from cardiovascular illnesses have grown during the last few decades. In patients with pre-existing cardiac disease, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated cardiovascular problems. Researchers observed that rates of many conditions, comprising coronary heart failure and stroke, had been drastically higher in those who had recovered from COVID-19 as compared to those who did not have the disease. Herbal medicine is becoming more and more popular due to its relatively high safety and low toxicity. Shilajit has several beneficial properties because it primarily comprises fulvic acid and more than 84 minerals. It demonstrates antioxidant activity, which is a key factor in cardioprotection. Shilajit is appropriately referred to as "Rasayana/ Rasayanam";it translates as "rejuvenator" in Ayurvedic and Siddha scriptures since it prevents illnesses and improves the quality of life. The current study involved the collection, authentication, purification, and use of several extractive solvents to achieve high yield, then the extract was enriched by using organic solvents. UV-Vis spectroscopy was performed on each of the enriched samples, and the results showed that the enriched samples had increased fulvic acid concentrations. Fulvic acid was used as a standard in thin-layer chromatography. The extract's in-vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, and the results indicated good antioxidant activity. phytosomes were formulated by rapid injection methods for extract and enriched extract, and they were characterized using several spectroscopic techniques. According to the study's findings, combining novel formulation with conventional drug may improve its therapeutic potential and bioavailability.
ABSTRACT
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in early December 2019, has spread quickly over the world and presented an unprecedented threat to human health. The disease is characterized by cytokine storm, resulting in endothelial inflammation/dysfunction, micro- and macro-vascular thrombosis, which may damage organs other than the lung. COVID-19 substantially impairs the cardiovascular system. According to the study published in the journal Nature Medicine, patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. Thus, one of the most useful tools in the therapeutic management of post-covid cardiovascular illnesses will be cardio-protection and treatment. Despite improvements in CVD management and therapy, CVDs continue to claim more lives than other cancer types combined. As a result, there has been significant enforcement of CVD prevention in recent years. Since ancient times, people have used herbs to treat cardiovascular conditions. The journal of Clinical Phytoscience published an article in 2021 that used cluster analysis to choose 128 plants. These herbs effectively protected the heart. This study and subsequent analysis revealed that herbal remedies like Arjuna, Tribulus, and Tinospora have potent cardioprotective characteristics. The evidence for these herbs' cardiovascular protection is highlighted in the current review.
ABSTRACT
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an innate mechanism of tissue protection from ischemia, which is easily replicable in clinical settings in the form of remote IPC. The final protective effect of IPC comprises the induction of favorable anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic molecular pathways. Recent studies on humans have confirmed that IPC protocols may exert cardioprotective actions. Moreover, IPC was also found to be capable of reducing surgical lung injury through the contrast of inflammatory response. Hence, IPC seems an ideal candidate to be tested as an innovative therapeutic weapon against a disease as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), in which inflammation plays a key role. Interestingly, the use of IPC protocols for COVID-19 patients, beyond the potentiality of reducing the cardiologic complications, could also prove useful for the attenuation of inflammatory phenomena that characterize the course of coronavirus disease.
ABSTRACT
The proceedings contain 34 papers. The topics discussed include: combinatorial maturation of patient stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes unmasks mechanism of atrial fibrillation induced by NPPA gene mutation;the pathogenesis of Covid-19 myocardial injury: an immunohistochemical study of postmortem biopsies;mitochondrial optogenetic-mediated preconditioning protects cardiomyocytes from stress-induced injury;the aldose reductase inhibitor At-001 improves cardiac efficiency and decreases diastolic dysfunction in an animal model of diabetic cardiomyopathy: comparative and add-on studies versus SGLT-2 inhibition;cardiomyocyte specific deletion Of Trpv4 offers cardio-protection independent of cardiac fibrosis following pressure overload-induced hypertrophy;and sacubitril-valsartan protects against aortic aneurysm progression via regulating neprilysin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis.